About Course
Anti-asthmatic Drugs
1. Definition
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of airways with bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
2. Classification
A. Bronchodilators
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β2 agonists: Salbutamol, Formoterol
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Methylxanthines: Theophylline
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Anticholinergics: Ipratropium
B. Anti-inflammatory
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Corticosteroids: Beclomethasone
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Leukotriene modifiers: Montelukast
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Mast cell stabilizers: Cromolyn
3. MOA
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β2 agonists → ↑cAMP → Bronchodilation
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Steroids → ↓cytokines, ↓inflammation
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Leukotriene blockers → inhibit bronchoconstriction
4. Uses
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Acute asthma: Salbutamol
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Chronic asthma: ICS + LABA
5. Adverse Effects
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Tremors (β2 agonists)
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Oral candidiasis (steroids)
Drugs Used in COPD
1. Definition
COPD = Chronic bronchitis + Emphysema
2. Drugs
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Bronchodilators (LABA, LAMA)
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Corticosteroids
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PDE-4 inhibitors (Roflumilast)
3. Key Difference from Asthma
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Less reversible
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Smoking-related
Nasal Decongestants & Respiratory Stimulants
A. Nasal Decongestants
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Example: Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline
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MOA: α1 agonist → vasoconstriction
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Rebound congestion (Rhinitis medicamentosa)
B. Respiratory Stimulants
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Example: Doxapram
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Use: Neonatal apnea
Expectorants & Antitussives
Expectorants
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Guaifenesin → ↑ mucus secretion
Antitussives
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Codeine (central)
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Dextromethorphan
Anti-ulcer Drugs
Classification
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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
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Omeprazole
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MOA: Irreversible inhibition of H⁺/K⁺ ATPase
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H2 Blockers
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Ranitidine
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Antacids
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Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃
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Cytoprotective
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Sucralfate
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Uses
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Peptic ulcer
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GERD
Drugs for Constipation & Diarrhea
Laxatives
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Bulk: Psyllium
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Osmotic: Lactulose
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Stimulant: Senna
Antidiarrheal
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Loperamide (↓ motility)
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ORS
Appetite Stimulants & Suppressants
Stimulants
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Cyproheptadine
Suppressants
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Orlistat (fat absorption inhibitor)
Digestants & Carminatives
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Digestants: Pepsin
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Carminatives: Peppermint oil
Emetics & Antiemetics
Emetics
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Apomorphine
Antiemetics
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Ondansetron (5-HT3 blocker)
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Metoclopramide (D2 blocker)
Student Ratings & Reviews
