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BP 204T.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (THEORY)

Categories: 2nd Semester
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About Course

Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to
such disease producing causes.This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of
the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its
pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological
mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also to
get baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and
effectively.
Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –
1. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
2. Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
3. Mention the complications of the diseases.

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Course Content

Unit I – Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis &Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance

Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation,Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s,Mediators of inflammation,Basic principles of wound healing in the skin,Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Unit II – Cardiovascular System
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)

Respiratory system
Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases

Renal system
Acute and chronic renal failure

Unit II – Haematological Diseases
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia

Endocrine system
Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones

Nervous system
Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease

Gastrointestinal system
Peptic Ulcer

Unit IV Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease.

Disease of bones and joints
Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout

Principles of cancer
classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer

Diseases of bones and joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout

Principles of Cancer
Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer

Unit V Infectious diseases
Meningitis,Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis Urinary tract infections

Sexually transmitted diseases
AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

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