BIOCHEMISTRY- BP203T
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance.
BIOCHEMISTRY- BP203T
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UNIT I-Biomolecules & Bioenergetics – 8hrs
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids
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Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of nucleic acids, amino acids.
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Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of proteins.
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Bioenergetics: Introduction, Concept of free energy
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Endergonic and exergonic reaction and Relationship between free energy.
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Enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential.
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Energy rich compounds; classification.
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Biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP.
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UNIT II- Carbohydrate metabolism & Biological oxidation- 10 hrs
Carbohydrate metabolism- Introduction
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Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance
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Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance.
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HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
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Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD).
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Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance.
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Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus.
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Biological oxidation Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
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Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation
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Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers.
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UNIT III- Lipid metabolism & Amino acid metabolism-10 hrs
Lipid metabolism β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid).
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Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis.
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De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid).
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Biological significance of cholesterol.
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conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D.
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Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
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General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders.
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Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia).
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Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline.
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Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.
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UNIT IV – Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer-10hrs
Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer-Introduction.
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Biosynthesis of purine.
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Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.
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Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease.
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Organization of mammalian genome.
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Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions.
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DNA replication (semi conservative model).
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Transcription or RNA synthesis.
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Genetic code.
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Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors.
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UNIT V – Enzymes -7hrs
Enzymes- Introduction.
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Properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes.
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Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot).
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Enzyme inhibitors with examples.
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Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation.
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Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes.
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Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions.
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CITRIC ACID CYCLE (pdf)
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