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PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II

Categories: 5th Semester
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About Course

Scope:The main purpose of subject is to impart the students the knowledge of how the
secondary metabolites are produced in the crude drugs, how to isolate and identify and
produce them industrially. Also this subject involves the study of producing the plants and
phytochemicals through plant tissue culture, drug interactions and basic principles of
traditional system of medicine
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able
1. to know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the
herbal drugs and phytoconstituents
2. to understand the preparation and development of herbal formulation.
3. to understand the herbal drug interactions
4. to carryout isolation and identification of phytoconstituents

Courseplan Pharmacognosy Practical Section B

course plan Pharmacognosy Section A

cognosy-P-1

cognosy-P

3.1 Pharmacognosy workload

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Course Content

Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination
a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.

  • Introduction to basic metabolic pathways
    00:00
  • SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY
    00:00
  • ACETATE MALONATE PATHWAY
    00:00
  • ACETATE MEVALONATE PATHWAY
    00:00
  • Amino acid pathway
    00:00
  • STUDY OF UTILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN THE INVESTIGATION OF BIOGENETIC STUDIES
    00:00
  • Differences between C3 & C4 plants
    00:00

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites:
Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium, Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander, Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids

Isolation, Identification and analysis of phytoconstituents
a) Terpenoids: Menthol,citral,artemisin b) Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin c) Alkaloids: Atropine,Quinine,Reserpine, Caffeine d) Resins:Podophyllotoxin,curcumin

Industrial production,estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents:
Forskolin,sennoside,diosgenin,digoxin, atropine, Podophyllotoxin, caffeine,taxol,vincristine&vinblastin

Basics of phytochemistry
Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs

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